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KMID : 0391520150230040153
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Journal of the Korean Child Neurology Society
2015 Volume.23 No. 4 p.153 ~ p.158
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The Risk Factors of Brain Injury by Head Trauma in Preschool Aged Children
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Na Young-Hyun
Koh Il-Doo
Cha Byung-Ho
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Abstract
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Purpose: The head trauma is a common type of injury during childhood period, especially preschool aged children. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the clinical characteristics of preschool aged children coming to emergency room by head trauma and the risk factors of brain injury.
Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 787 children under 6 years old who came to emergency room of Wonju Severance Christian Hospital from March, 2011 to February, 2013 by head trauma. The patients were categorized by the types of injuries; hemorrhage, fracture and seizure. We evaluated the clinical characteristics of these children to figure out the risk factors.
Results: The mean age of patients was 2.3 years, (male: 2.45 years, female: 2.14 years) and the male-to-female ratio was 1.6:1. Age distribution was as follows: under 3 months; 16 (2.0%), 3 months?2 years; 451 (57.5%), 3 years ?5 years; 318 (40.5%). One hundred and eight (13.7%) children had hemorrhage or fracture or seizure. Fifty five (6.99%) children had hemorrhage, 23 (2.92%) children had seizure and 53 (6.73%) children had fracture. Age under 3 years and neurologic symptoms were revealed as risk factors of hemorrhage and seizure (P<0.05). Fracture occurred most frequently by traffic accident, and followed by fall down and crash (P=0.002). Hemorrhage and seizure occurred more often in patients having neurologic symptoms (P<0.05).
Conclusion: Neurologic symptoms or younger age is the risk factors of hemorrhage and seizure in preschool aged children who coming to emergency room by head trauma. In such case, it is recommended to study and manage them actively.
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KEYWORD
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Traumatic brain injury, Children, Preschool, Hemorrhage, Seizure, Skull fracture, Neurologic symptoms
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